Pure sulfur exists in two stable crystalline forms (a) Alpha-sulfur: rhombic, octahedral yellow crystals stable at room temperature. (b) Beta-sulfur: monoclinic, prismatic pale yellow crystals slowly changing to alpha form below 94.5°C . Both forms are insoluble in water, but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetracholoride, and benzene. Conbustible, nontoxic. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under pattern disciplines, sulphur atoms chassis closed-chain octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.
Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid when at room temperature. It is used in black gunpowder, rubber vulcanization, the manufacture of insecticides and pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid. Atomic number 16; atomic exercising weight 32.066; melding channelize (rhombic) 112.8°C , (monoclinic) 119.0°C ; boiling point 444.6°C ; specific gravity (rhombic) 2.07, (monoclinic) 1.957; valence 2, 4, hexad.
Chemically, sulfur give notice react as either an oxidant or reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negative charge in most organosulfur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, so much every bit oxygen and fluorine. It is also the lightest element to easily produce stable exceptions to the octet rule.
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