Properties of Selenium dioxide

Selenium dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula SeO2. This colorless solid is one of the most frequently encountered compounds of selenium.
Properties
SeO2 is a polar molecule, with the dipole moment pointed from the midpoint of the two oxygen atoms to the selenium atom. Solid SeO2 is a one-dimensional polymer, the chain consisting of alternating selenium and oxygen atoms. Each Se atom, which is pyramidal, bears a terminal oxide group. The relative stereochemistry at Se alternates along the polymer chain (syndiotactic). The solid sublimes readily. The vapour has an odour resembling horseradish sauce and can burn the nose and throat on inhalation. Gaseous selenium dioxide adopts a bent structure very similar to that of sulfur dioxide. Dissolution of SeO2 in selenium oxydichloride give the trimer [Se(O)O]3. Whereas SO2 tends to be molecular and SeO2 is a one-dimensional chain, TeO2 is a cross-linked polymer.
SeO2 is considered an acidic oxide: it dissolves in water to form selenous (selenious) acid. Often the terms selenous acid and selenium dioxide are used interchangeably.
Uses
Organic synthesis
SeO2 is an important reagent in organic synthesis. Oxidation of paraldehyde (acetaldehyde trimer) with SeO2 gives glyoxal and the oxidation of cyclohexanone gives cyclohexane-1,2-dione. The selenium starting material is reduced to selenium, and precipitates as a red amorphous solid which can easily be filtered off. This type of reaction is called a Riley oxidation. It is also renowned as a reagent for "allylic" oxidation, a reaction that entails the conversion: R2C=CR'-CHR"2 + [O] → R2C=CR'-C(OH)R"2
As a colorant
Selenium dioxide imparts a red colour to glass: it is used in small quantities to counteract the blue colour due to cobalt impurities and so to create (apparently) colourless glass. In larger quantities, it gives a deep ruby red colour.
Selenium dioxide is the active ingredient in some cold-blueing solutions.
It is also used as a toner in photographic developing.
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What is Cadmium mineral used for?

Cadmium mineral is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. The average concentration of cadmium in the Earth's crust is between 0.1 and 0.5 parts per million (ppm). It was discovered in 1817 simultaneously by Stromeyer and Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate.
Cadmium mineral occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a byproduct of zinc production. It was used for a long time as a pigment and for corrosion resistant plating on steel while cadmium compounds were used to stabilize plastic. With the exception of its use in nickel–cadmium batteries and cadmium telluride solar panels, the use of cadmium is generally decreasing. These declines have been due to competing technologies, cadmium’s toxicity in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations. Although cadmium has no known biological function in higher organisms, a cadmium-dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in marine diatoms.
Cadmium has many common industrial uses as it is a key component in battery production, is present in cadmium pigments, coatings, and is commonly used in electroplating.
Cadmium is used as a barrier to control neutrons in nuclear fission. The pressurized water reactor designed by Westinghouse Electric Company uses an alloy consisting of 80% silver, 15% indium, and 5% cadmium.
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What is Calcium Boro Gluconate used for?

Storage of Calcium Boro Gluconate
Store in a cool, dark place. Keep from freezing.
Use only if solution is clear. If no improvement is noticed in the condition being treated after 24 hours or less depending on the severity of the condition, the diagnosis should be re-evaluated and a veterinarian consulted. Do not retain partially used bottle. Contains no preservative.
Calcium Boro Gluconate is white crystalline or granular powder; freely soluble in boiling water. It is organometallics.
Calcium borogluconate is Calcium gluconate that has been mixed with Boric acid. The pH of a 20% solution of this stuff is 3.5. Diluting it 1:10 will raise the pH a bit.
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What is Magnesium Lactate Gluconate?

Magnesium Lactate Gluconate
Appearance White or off white, free flowing powder
Molecular Formula: C18 H32 Mg2 O20.3 H2O
Magnesium lactate, the magnesium salt of lactic acid, is a mineral supplement.
Added to some food and beverages as an acidity regulator and labeled as E329.
Storage: Store in a well-closed container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C, protected from direct sunlight and Moisture, unless otherwise specified.
Magnesium Lactate Gluconate is white to off- white crystalline, fine powder or granular powder. Preserve in a sealed container at temperature between 20-250C.
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Uses of Ferrous Gluconate

Ferrous Gluconate, or Iron(II) gluconate is a black compound often used as an iron supplement. It is the iron(II) salt of gluconic acid. It is marketed under brand names such as Fergon, Ferralet, and Simron. It is also present in the combination supplement dianazene, a vitamin mixture created by L. Ron Hubbard and used in the religion Scientology.
Uses
Ferrous Gluconate is effectively used in the treatment of hypochromic anemia. The use of this compound compared with other iron preparations results in satisfactory reticulocyte responses, a high percentage utilization of iron, and daily increase in hemoglobin that a normal level occurs in a reasonably short time.
Ferrous gluconate is also used as a food additive when processing black olives. It imparts a uniform jet black colour to the olives.
Before using Ferrous Gluconate:
Some medical conditions may interact with Ferrous Gluconate. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
if you have inflammation of the intestines, Crohn disease, digestive problems, ulcers, anemia, or a blood disease (eg, porphyria, thalassemia)
if you have had multiple blood transfusions
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Ferrous Gluconate. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
Doxycycline, mycophenolate, penicillamine, or thyroid hormones (eg, levothyroxine) because the effectiveness of these medicines may be decreased
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What is Lactobionic Acid?

Lactobionic Acid, 4-O-β-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid contains gluconic acid and galactose and can be formed by oxidation of lactose, a disaccharide. The carboxylate anion of lactobionic acid is known as lactobionate.
As an acid, lactobionic acid can form salts with mineral cations such as calcium, potassium, sodium and zinc. Calcium lactobionate is a food additive used as a stabilizer. Potassium lactibionate is added to organ preservation solutions such as Viaspan to provide osmotic support and prevent cell swelling. Mineral salts of lactobionic acid are also used for mineral supplementation.
Lactobionic Acid is also used in the cosmetics industry as an antioxidant, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a salt form; for example, the antibiotic erythromycin is used as the salt erythromycin lactobionate when intravenously delivered.
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What is Cadmium mineral?

Cadmium mineral is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury.
Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a byproduct of zinc production. It was used for a long time as a pigment and for corrosion resistant plating on steel while cadmium compounds were used to stabilize plastic.
Characteristics
Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white divalent metal. It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms complex compounds.[3] Unlike other metals, cadmium is resistant to corrosion and as a result it is used as a protective layer when deposited on other metals. As a bulk metal, cadmium is insoluble in water and is not flammable; however, in its powdered form it may burn and release toxic fumes.
Applications
Cadmium mineral has many common industrial uses as it is a key component in battery production, is present in cadmium pigments, coatings, and is commonly used in electroplating.
In 2009, 86% of cadmium was used in batteries, predominantly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Nickel-cadmium cells have a nominal cell potential of 1.2 V.
Cadmium electroplating, consuming 6% of the global production, can be found in the aircraft industry due to the ability to resist corrosion when applied to steel components. This coating is passivated by the usage of chromate salts. A limitation of cadmium plating is hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels caused by the electroplating process.
Cadmium is used as a barrier to control neutrons in nuclear fission. The pressurized water reactor designed by Westinghouse Electric Company uses an alloy consisting of 80% silver, 15% indium, and 5% cadmium.
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Uses of Magnesium Citrate

Magnesium Citrate, a magnesium salt of citric acid, is a chemical agent used medicinally as a saline laxative and to completely empty the bowel prior to a major surgery or colonoscopy. It is available without a prescription, both as a generic brand or under the brand name Citromag or Citroma. It is also used as a magnesium supplement in pills.
Use
As a laxative syrup with a concentration of 1.745 g of magnesium citrate per fl. oz, a typical dose for adults and children twelve years or older is between 7 and 10 US fluid ounces (210 and 300 ml; 7.3 and 10 imp fl oz), followed immediately with a full 8 US fluid ounces (240 ml; 8.3 imp fl oz) glass of water. Consuming an adult dose of 10 oz of laxative syrup (@ 1.745 g/oz) implies a consumption of 17.45 g of magnesium citrate in a single 10 oz dose resulting in a consumption of approximately 2.0 g of elemental magnesium per single dose. Given that this laxative dose contains six times the normal nutritional dose for magnesium, caution should be taken to avoid prolonged usage (i.e. over five days) and to follow the manufacturer's instructions strictly.
Magnesium citrate, as a supplement in pill form, is useful for the prevention of kidney stones.
Side effects of Magnesium Citrate
It is always important to correctly follow the prescribed doses; extreme magnesium overdose can result in serious complication such as slow heart beat, low blood pressure, nausea, drowsiness, etc. If severe enough, an overdose can even result in coma or death. However, a moderate overdose will be excreted through the kidneys, unless one suffers from serious kidney problems.
Magnesium citrate solutions generally produces bowel movement in one half to six hours. Rectal bleeding or failure to have a bowel movement after use could be signs of a serious condition.
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What is Calcium Ascorbate?

Calcium Ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC12H14O12. It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates.
As a food additive, it has the E number E 302. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand. Among its many uses is to keep apples fresh, so they do not turn brown quickly.
Calcium Ascorbate is a natural form of Vitamin C, which is much more readily absorbed in the blood stream than the other forms of calcium. Importantly, calcium is coupled with Vitamin C to deliver the benefits of both calcium & Vitamin C.
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What is Zinc Pidolate?

Description: Zinc Pidolate is white crystalline powder. Soluble in water and freely soluble in boiling water. Slightly soluble in alcohol. Preserve in a sealed container at temperature between 20-250C.
Zinc Pidolate also benefits from a bioavailability made easier by combining with Pidolic Acid. Given the daily requirements, zinc pidolate is compatible with all the delivery forms, tablets, hard gel capsules, soft gel capsules. A white crystalline powder,Soluble in water and freely soluble in boiling water. Slightly soluble in alcohol.
Zinc Pidolate also benefits from a bioavailability made easier by combining with Pidolic Acid. Given the daily requirements, zinc pidolate is compatible with all the delivery forms, tablets, hard gel capsules, soft gel capsules.
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What is Calcium Boro Gluconate?

Calcium Boro Gluconate is a substance whose calcium salt is used in the treatment of milk fever in cows, hypocalcemia in ewes and eclampsia in the bitch. It has the virtue of being nonirritant and can be administered subcutaneously as well as intravenously.
Indications
As a source of calcium for cattle, sheep and swine, to aid in the treatment of hypocalcemia, e.g., milk fever in cattle.
Cautions
Use only if solution is clear. If no improvement is noticed in the condition being treated after 24 hours or less depending on the severity of the condition, the diagnosis should be re-evaluated and a veterinarian consulted. Do not retain partially used bottle.
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Are you buying High-purity tin?

High-purity tin
CAS No.:7440-31-5
Molecular Formula: Sn
Melting point: 231.89 ℃
Boiling point: 2507 ℃
Application :
Mainly used in fabrication of high grade electronic solder and ITO,etc.
Product appearance:ingot or granule.
Physical property :
atomic weight: 118.69; electronegativity : density: 7.31 g/cm3; melting point: 231.89; boiling point: 2270; it appears silvery white ingot or granule.
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What is Cadmium Acetate?

Cadmium Acetate is the chemical compound with the formula Cd(CH3CO2)2. This colourless solid is classified coordination polymer, featuring acetate ligands interconnecting cadmium centers. The compound exists in anhydrous form and as a dihydrate.
Uses
Cadmium Acetate is used for glazing ceramics and pottery; in electroplating baths, in dyeing and printing textiles; and as an analytic reagent for sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
Preparation
Cadmium Acetate is prepared by treating cadmium oxide with acetic acid. The compound may also be prepared by treating cadmium nitrate with acetic anhydride
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Specifications of Calcium Bromo Lactobionate Hexahydrate

Calcium Bromo Lactobionate Hexahydrate
Molecular Formula: Ca(C12H21O12)2
CAS No. 33659-28-8
Molecular Weight: 954
Therapeutic Categories: Anxiolytic agent, Hypnotic and sedative agent
Chemical Name
Dicalcium bis(4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconat)-dibromid
Description: Calcium Bromo Lactobionate Hexahydrate is white, crystalline or granular powder. Soluble in water, freely soluble in boiling water.
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Where to find Sodium Citrate?

Sodium Citrate is an acid salt with the chemical formula C6H11NaO7. Since it has two remaining open spots on the citrate anion, it is used as a relatively strong sequestrant. It is used to prevent platelet clumping in blood samples. It is one of the 3 citric acid salts.
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What are the benefits of Zinc Orotate?

Zinc Orotate is a mineral salt found in the human body in trace amounts. Discovered by Dr. Hans Nieper, each molecule of zinc orotate is composed of two molecules of orotic acid and one zinc atom.
Health Benefits Of Zinc Orotate
Strong antioxidant properties
Reduction in the risk of cancer
Increases the ability to heal wounds
Reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease
Reduction in many of the harmful side effects of radiation therapy
Reduction in harmful effects of alcohol consumption
Prevention and action against the Herpes simplex virus
Prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Prevention of Osteoporosis
Reduction in chances of developing liver disease
Prevention and reduction in progression of macular degeneration
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Where to buy High purity sulfur?

High purity sulfur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form, is a bright yellow crystalline solid. In nature, it can be found as the pure element and as sulfide and sulfate minerals.
Characteristics: Pure sulfur exists in two stable crystalline forms (a) Alpha-sulfur: rhombic, octahedral yellow crystals stable at room temperature. (b) Beta-sulfur: monoclinic, prismatic pale yellow crystals slowly changing to alpha form below 94.5°C. Both forms are insoluble in water, but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetracholoride, and benzene. Conbustible, nontoxic.
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The Properties of Lead

Lead is a highly toxic metal found in small amounts in the earth’s crust. Because of its abundance, low cost, and physical properties.

Lead and lead compounds have been used in a wide variety of products including paint, ceramics, pipes, solders, gasoline, batteries, and cosmetics.

While extreme lead exposure can cause a variety of neurological disorders such as lack of muscular coordination, convulsions and coma, much lower lead levels have been associated with measurable changes in children’s mental development and behavior.

Lead poisoning (also known as plumbism, colica Pictonum, saturnism, Devon colic, or painter's colic) is a medical condition caused by increased levels of the heavy aluminous confidential information in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many an variety meat and tissues letting in the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems.

Lead interferes with the development of the nervous system and is therefore particularly toxic to nestlings, inducing potentially ageless encyclopedism and behavior disorders. Symptoms include abdominal pain, confusion, headache, anemia, irritability, and in severe cases seizures, coma, and death.

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The New Information about Cadmium telluride

Cadmium telluride is a crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium. It is used as an infrared optical window and a solar cell material. It is widely used in the manufacture of solar cells, semiconductor material, visible-band optoelectronic devices, photosensitive drum, laser modulation, visible light detectors, laser window materials,

Infrared two-color detector, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, cathode-ray emitting material. Cadmium telluride PV is the first and only thin film photovoltaic technology to surpass crystalline silicon PV in cheapness for a significant portion of the PV market, namely in multi-kilowatt systems. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p-n junction photovoltaic solar cell. Typically, CdTe cells use a n-i-p structure. Thin films are based on using thinner semiconductor layers to absorb and convert sunlight; concentrators, on the idea of replacing expensive semiconductors with lenses or mirrors. Both reduce cost, in theory, by reducing the use of semiconductor material. However, both faced critical challenges.

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the use of a thin film of CdTe to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity. CdTe is growing rapidly in acceptance and now represents the second most utilized solar cell material in the world. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is the leading semiconductor technology for creating high-performance, low-cost solar modules for large-scale installations.

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What is Benzoyl peroxide Used for

Benzoyl peroxide is a white, odorless powder with its melting point  105 °C(lit.) and boiling point 176 °C.It is water insoluble,highly flammable.passably deadly.It costs a inviolable oxidizer and is incompatible with reducing agents, acids, bases, alcohols, metals, organic materials.This  mathematical product should be stacked away at 2°C to 8°C.Benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment, for improving flour, for bleaching hair and teeth, for polymerising polyester and many other uses.

Benzoyl peroxide acne treatments are based on the antiseptic and bleaching properties of this potent substance. For teenagers and adults alike it is reckoned invulnerable to manipulation benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment, if you suffer from mild to moderate forms of acne. This core canful constitute exploited in combination with topical ointments or unwritten acne medications for a more severe manifestation of this skin disorder. While benzoyl peroxide is effective on its own, it can deliver even better results when used in conjunction with other acne-fighting ingredients or regimens, such as those found in Proactiv.

This oxidizing power also dries out thickened sebum or fluid within the acne to help it heal without having to pop the acne. When the amount of bacteria is reduced, the number of breakouts on the skin is reduced as well.

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The Functions of High purity sulfur

Pure sulfur exists in two stable crystalline forms (a) Alpha-sulfur: rhombic, octahedral yellow crystals stable at room temperature. (b) Beta-sulfur: monoclinic, prismatic pale yellow crystals slowly changing to alpha form below 94.5°C. Both forms are insoluble in water, but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetracholoride, and benzene. Conbustible, nontoxic. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under pattern disciplines, sulphur atoms chassis closed-chain octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.

Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid when at room temperature. It is used in black gunpowder, rubber vulcanization, the manufacture of insecticides and pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid. Atomic number 16; atomic exercising weight 32.066; melding channelize (rhombic) 112.8°C, (monoclinic) 119.0°C; boiling point 444.6°C; specific gravity (rhombic) 2.07, (monoclinic) 1.957; valence 2, 4, hexad.

Chemically, sulfur give notice react as either an oxidant or reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negative charge in most organosulfur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, so much every bit oxygen and fluorine. It is also the lightest element to easily produce stable exceptions to the octet rule.

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The Functions of High purity sulfur

Pure sulfur exists in two stable crystalline forms (a) Alpha-sulfur: rhombic, octahedral yellow crystals stable at room temperature. (b) Beta-sulfur: monoclinic, prismatic pale yellow crystals slowly changing to alpha form below 94.5°C. Both forms are insoluble in water, but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. Soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetracholoride, and benzene. Conbustible, nontoxic. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under pattern disciplines, sulphur atoms chassis closed-chain octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.

Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid when at room temperature. It is used in black gunpowder, rubber vulcanization, the manufacture of insecticides and pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid. Atomic number 16; atomic exercising weight 32.066; melding channelize (rhombic) 112.8°C, (monoclinic) 119.0°C; boiling point 444.6°C; specific gravity (rhombic) 2.07, (monoclinic) 1.957; valence 2, 4, hexad.

Chemically, sulfur give notice react as either an oxidant or reducing agent. It oxidizes most metals and several nonmetals, including carbon, which leads to its negative charge in most organosulfur compounds, but it reduces several strong oxidants, so much every bit oxygen and fluorine. It is also the lightest element to easily produce stable exceptions to the octet rule.

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How to Use High Purity Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34, delineate away the chemical symbolisation sou'-east, an atomic mass of seventy-eight.96. It comprises a nonmetal, chemically related to sulfur and tellurium, and rarely falls out in thems natural Department of State in nature. It is mainly used for preparation of toner materials, photoelectric materials, electrostatic materials, photography, and other optical instruments.

Black solid or reddish powder. Also stylish form of red or gray crystalline. Crystalline selenium is a p-type semiconductor. Electrically, it acts as a rectifier, and has marked photoconductive and photovoltaic action (converts radiant to electrical energy). The electrical conductivity increases with increasing light irradiation. Soluble in concentrated nitric acid and in (liquid form) common alkalies. Forms binary alloys with silver, copper, zinc, lead, etc. Low toxicity. A necessary nutritional factor for animals.

High Purity Selenium:

Se-05 Grade 99.999. The content of Selenium is above 99.999%. The total content of Ag, Al, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Te & Tl is bellow 10 ppm. Amorphous red powder, becoming black on standing and crystalline on heating; vitreous and colloidal forms may be prepared. Amorphous form softens at 40 °C and melts at 217 °C.

High purity selenium is mainly used in the preparation of the material of the selenium drum, photoelectric material, electrostatic photogragh and other materials of optical instrument.

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