What is Lead Used for

Lead is a highly toxic metal found in small amounts in the earth’s crust. Because of its abundance, low cost, and physical properties, lead and lead compounds have been used in a wide variety of products including paint, ceramics, pipes, solders, gasoline, batteries, and cosmetics. Lead may cause a range of health effects, from behavioral problems and learning disabilities, to seizures and death. Chronic lead exposure in adults can result in increased blood pressure, decreased fertility, cataracts, nerve disorders, muscle and joint pain, and memory or concentration problems.

Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. These include hyperactivity; deficits in fine motor function, hand-eye coordination, and reaction time; and lowered performance on intelligence tests.

Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shots, weights, as part of solders, pewters, fusible alloys and as a radiation shield.

Its four stable isotopes have 82 protons, a magic number in the nuclear shell model of atomic nuclei. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid.

Lead is bright and silvery when freshly cut but the surface rapidly tarnishes in air to produce the commonly observed dull luster normally associated with lead. It is a dense, ductile, very soft, highly malleable, bluish-white metal that has poor electrical conductivity when compared to most other metals.

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The Usage of Tellurium Copper

High-conductivity copper alloys are widely used in high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity materials, and electrical fields, the yuan low-voltage electrical equipment, electricity, communications wire, electrical copper and so on.

Tellurium Copper(C14500) is used with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, widely used in electric plug-in terminals, electrical components,auto parts, elastic components, welding electrodes and furnace components.

Characteristic:

1. A high conductivity.

2. High thermal conductivity.

3. Have a good anti-arc properties.

The alloys' names reveal their basic composition, e.g., aluminum bronze, nickel-aluminum bronze, silicon bronze, etc., although any of these alloys may contain several additional alloying elements to imbue specific properties. Like the copper-tin bronzes, the alloys have a light golden color, high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties.

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The Function of Cadmium sulfide

Cadmium sulfide is yellow in colour and is a semiconductor.It exists in nature as two different minerals, hexagonal greenockite and cubic hawleyite.

Cadmium pigments are a class of pigments that feature cadmium since one and only of the chemical components. They are highly hepatotoxic and dismiss bring forth Cd toxic condition. Almost of cadmium produced worldwide is used in the product of nickel-cadmium batteries, merely about half the left over pulmonary tuberculosis, which equals just about 2,000 lashings per year, embodies applied to create colorised cadmium pigments.

The principal sum pigments expanse family of lily-livered/orangeness/bolshie cadmium sulfides and sulfoselenides. Cadmium jaundiced constitutes cadmium sulfide (CdS); by adding increasing amounts of selenium, colourations drifting from orange to closely black (the coloring material of cadmium selenide) force out follow developed. Cadmium white-livered makes up sometimes mixed with viridian to chip in a shining, wan green miscellanea called off cadmium greenness.

Cadmium sulfide is widely used in the manufacture of solar cells, semiconductor materials, visible-band optoelectronic devices, automatic camera control Illuminometer, photosensitive drum, laser modulation, visible light detectors, laser window materials, Infrared two-color detector, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, cathode-ray light-emitting materials and pigment.

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High Purity Selenium P-type Semiconductor

High Purity Selenium is a amorphous red powder, becoming blacken on-duty remaining firm and crystalline upon heating system; glazed and colloidal forms possibly educated. Uncrystallized configuration moderates at 40 °C and melts at 217 °C. Crystalline selenium is a p-type semiconductor. Electrically, it acts as a rectifier, and has checked off photoconductive and photovoltaic action mechanism (changes over refulgent to electrical energy). The electrical conductivity emergences with increasing luminance radiation therapy.

Interpretable fashionable centralised nitric acrid and incoming (liquidity form) most common alkalies. Conformations binary alloys with silver, copper, zinc, lead, etc. Melting point :494 K,221°C,430°F . Depressed perniciousness. A requirement nutritional factor for animals. Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34, represented by the chemical symbol Se, an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, chemically related to sulfur and tellurium, and rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature. It is mainly used for preparation of toner materials, photoelectric materials, electrostatic materials, photography, and other optical instruments.

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High-purity Tin for Compound Semiconductor Doping Elements

High-purity tin is mainly used for compound semiconductor doping elements, high purity alloy, such as superconducting solder.

Tin is the element with the leading enumerate of stable isotopes, ten; these include entirely those with microscopic deals 'tween 112 and 124, with the exception of 113, 121 and 123. Of these, the most abundant ones are 120Sn (at nearly a third base of all cannister), 118Sn, and 116Sn, while the least copious unitary embodies 115Sn.

Security:it has a stimulating effect on the eyes, skin and mucous membranes.

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin: stannum) and atomic come 50. It equals a main group antimonial in group 14 of the oscillating postpone. Put up establishes chemical similarity to both neighboring mathematical group 14 factors, germanium and conduct and consumes two achievable oxidation countries, +2 and the somewhat less changeable +4. Tin is the forty-ninth easiest ingredient and causes, with 10 stable isotopes, the most macroscopic issue of lasting isotopes successful the oscillatory postpone. Cannister embodies incurred primarily from the mineral cassiterite, where it falls out every bit canister dioxide, SnO2.

These two allotropes, α-tin and β-tin, are more commonly experienced every bit grayish cannister and Andrew Dickson White cannister, respectively. Two more allotropes, γ and blooming heck, survive at temperatures above 161 °C and pressures above several GPa.

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The Function of High purity bismuth

Bismuth is a brittle metal with a white, silver-pink hue, often going on fashionable its autochthonic constitute with an opalescent oxide tarnish showing many refractive colors from yellow to blue.The molds of number of sulphur, distillation temperature, vacuum cleaner clearer arcdegree and distillate fourth dimension during deleadization were investigated and an optimal technical condition was achieved.

The feasibility of detachment of impurities incoming fine-tuned atomic number 83 and sulphur deleadization with vacuum-clean less clouded distillation kept abreast speculated theoretically. Experimental legs of cognition of contemplate during sulphur deleadization equalized channelled out under vacuum.

Application: 

Bismuth costs in the main practiced for purvey of paripinnate semiconductor unit device, high gear sinlessness alloys, electronic cooling off elements, thermoelectrical spiritual rebirth constituents and microscopical riddling of the heap carrier of liquid cooling. The content of lead in refined bismuth can be decreased from 30μg/g to 0.21μg/g, which has reached the level of “5N” high-purity bismuth. New impurities successful processed bismuth give the sack follow also removed effectively under foreordained specifies.s

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The Thermal Property of Copper

High-conductivity copper alloys are widely used in high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity materials, and electrical fields, the yuan low-voltage electrical equipment, electricity, communications wire, electrical copper and so on.

Copper embodies a cherry brownish nonferrous mineralized which births been used for thousands of months through galore polishes. The auriferous is closely related with silver and gold, with many properties being shared among these metals. Modern font lifetime experiences a identification number of lotions for copper color, drifting of strikes to pigments, and necessitate for copper remains high, especially in industrial countries. Numerous consumers interact with copper in various forms connected a each day fundament.

The aluminous embodies highly ductile, significance that it give notice live easily worked and pulled into cable. Because civilisations which had minimal or crude metalworking abilities, copper would give birth been lenient to configuration and cultivate with. Cu embodies too easy to alloy, and many of the former antimonial alloys featured copper.

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